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嗯」不出来可能要老命!老年人便秘该怎么办? – NIP-CHINESE SENIORS' PROGRAMS

随着饮食结构、生活节奏以及社会心理等因素的改变,慢性便秘的发病率逐渐上升,影响全世界 10% 的人口。不同年龄阶段的人,都可能发生便秘,尤其老年人由于胃肠道蠕动功能弱,便秘的发生率和症状都比较严重,年龄越大发生率越高。

对于年轻人来说,顶多使出吃奶的力气解决问题,但是对于老年人呢?这力道要是掌握不好,可是会要了老命的!

便秘不仅严重影响了老年人的生活品质,也容易诱发或加重其他疾病。因为便秘时,需要用全身力气来排出粪便,易引起血压升高、心率加快、耗氧量增加,这些对动脉弹性降低、而且心功能不全的老年患者来说十分不利,有可能诱发高血压脑病、晕厥、心绞痛、心肌梗塞、脑出血、甚至发生猝死。

为什么老年人容易便秘?

随着年龄的增长,会出现神经元总数下降,神经元退行性改变等等。同时,结肠间质细胞数量随着年龄增加而减少,结肠传输减慢,缺乏便意,诱发慢传输型便秘。部分老年患者肛门直肠感觉功能受损,伴有直肠推进力不足、内脏下垂、盆底下降等等肛门括约肌松弛障碍,诱发排便障碍型便秘。

另外,纤维素及水分摄入不足、活动量下降、合并多种慢性疾病、长期服用某些药物(铁剂、钙剂、钙离子拮抗剂、利尿药、镇痛药等),都可能导致便秘。

总之,造成老年人便秘的影响因素较多,生活习惯不良、饮食不规律、排便习惯不佳等,都可以引发,加之老年人生理功能减退,胃肠蠕动功能变慢,使得便秘的发生率更高。

老年人便秘怎么办?

  1. 饮食及生活习惯调节:多饮水,多食富含纤维素的蔬菜、水果;养成每天定时排便的习惯。

  2. 运动训练:透过像是保健操、瑜伽等运动方式,可以缓解排便困难等症状。

  3. 精神治疗:包括支持疗法、认知行为治疗、放松治疗及精神药物治疗。

  4. 药物治疗:当一般治疗效果不佳甚至无效时,可考虑用药物治疗,应考虑使用小剂量、短疗程及最合理的药物类型,从而减少或避免药物的不良影响。

  5. 手术治疗:对于经非手术治疗效果不佳的严重便秘患者可考虑手术治疗。